 Home > Encyclopedia > Acetonitrile

Acetonitrile

Acetonitrile structure

CAS No:
75-05-8
Formula:
C2H3N
Chemical Name:
Acetonitrile
Synonyms:
Acetonitrile;Cyanomethane;Ethanenitrile;Ethyl nitrile;Methane,cyano-;Methanecarbonitrile;Methyl cyanide;Methyl cyanide (MeCN);Acetonitrile cluster;NSC 7593;ACN;54841-72-4
Categories:
Organic Chemistry > Nitrile Compound

Description

Acetonitrile (methyl cyanide), CH3CN, is a colorless liquid with a sweet, ethereal odor. It is completely miscible with water and its high dielectric strength and dipole moment make it an excellent solvent for both inorganic and organic compounds including polymers. Acetonitrile is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor and a polar solvent. It is the simplest organic nitrile and is widely used. It is a by-product of the manufacture of acrylonitrile, and acetonitrile has, in fact, replaced

Acetonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula CH 3CN. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene.

Acetonitrile Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

41.05

Exact Mass：

41.05

BRN：

741857

EC Number：

200-835-2

HScode：

2926909090

Characteristics

PSA：

23.79000

XLogP3：

-0.45

Appearance：

<10(APHA) liquid

Density：

0.78745 g/cm³ @ Temp: 15 °C

Melting Point：

-45 °C

Boiling Point：

81.6 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

Flash Point：

48 °F

Refractive Index：

1.331

Water Solubility：

Micible with water.organic solvents: soluble (lit.)

Storage Conditions：

2-8°C

Vapor Pressure：

72.8 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

Vapor Density：

1.41 (vs air)

Toxicity：

Oral-Rat LD50: 2730 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 269 mg/kg

Flammability characteristics：

It is flammable in case of open flame, high temperature and oxidant; it decomposes by heating and releases highly toxic cyanide and nitrogen oxide fumes

Explosive limit：

3.0-17%(V)

Odor：

Aromatic odor

Taste：

Burning sweetish taste

Safety Information

Packing level：

Hazard category：

Transport codes：

UN 1993 3/PG 3

wgk germany：

hazard class code：

11-36-20/21/22-10-36/37/38-23/24/25-41-24-20/22

safety instructions：

16-36/37-45-36/37/39-27-26-36

RTECS Number：

AL7700000

Marks：

F,Xi,Xn,T

Storage features：

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids

Hazard note：

Highly Flammable/Harmful/Irritant

Explosive characteristics：

Explosive when mixed with air

Stability/Shelf Life：

Stability Unstable. Incompatible with alkali metals, acids, bases, reducing agents and oxidizing agents. Highly flammable.

Precautionary statement(s)：

P210-P261-P280-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P370 + P378

Hazard Statements：

H225-H302 + H312 + H332-H319

RIDADR：

UN 1648

Caution Statement：

P210; P261; P302 + P352 + P312; P304 + P340 + P312; P337 + P313; P403 + P235

Toxicity

Toxicity class：

highly toxic

Acetonitrile Use and Manufacturing

Methods of Manufacturing

Acetonitrile is usually a by-product of the preparation of acrylonitrile by ammoxidation. It can also be prepared by the one-step synthesis at 360°C with acetic acid ammoniation using alumina trioxide as a catalyst. Reaction equation: CH3COOH+NH3[Al2O3]→CH3CN+2H2O

Uses

In organic synthesis as starting material for acetophenone, a-naphthaleneacetic acid, thiamine, acetamidine. To remove tars, phenols, and coloring matter from petroleum hydrocarbons which are not soluble in acetonitrile.To extract fatty acids from fish liver oils and other animal and vegetable oils.Can be used to recrystallize steroids.As an indifferent medium in physicochemical investigations.Wherever a polar solvent having a rather high dielectric constant is required.As medium for promoting reactions involving ionization.As a solvent in non-aqueous titrations.As a non-aqueous solvent for inorganic salts.

Computed Properties

Molecular Weight:41.05
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:1
Exact Mass:41.026549100
Monoisotopic Mass:41.026549100
Topological Polar Surface Area:23.8
Heavy Atom Count:3
Complexity:29.3
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Synthesis Route

79-24-3

107-12-0

Material

Acrylonitrile

Potassium hydroxide

Alumina

Ammonium acetate

Ammonia

Sulfuric acid

Price Analysis

Make your Acetonitrile purchase based on the price and market insights! ECHEMI provides professional market insights with prices for you to make a better choice. Learn more on Acetonitrile prices .

Data: 2026-05-19
Price: 10708.34Yuan/mt
Change: 50.0

Recommended Suppliers of Acetonitrile

M A M M TRANDING ENTERPRISE Contact Supplier

ZA
6 YRS

Business licensed

Trader Supplier of chemical

Acetonitrile 99% Liquid SAA986523 SAA

CAS No.: 75-05-8

Grade: Industrial Grade

Content: 99%

Inquiry
Shandong Airuike Chemical Co., Ltd. Contact Supplier

CN
2 YRS

Business licensed

Trader Supplier of api,Intermediates,Organic Chemistry,Inorganic Chemistry,Daily Chemicals,Cosmetic Raw Materals,CATALYST AND AUXILIARY,FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCES,Chemical Pesticides,ADDITIVE

Acetonitrile SSN75-05-8

CAS No.: 75-05-8

Grade: Pharmaceutical Grade

Content: 0%

Inquiry
Shandong Fengtong Chemical Co. LTD Contact Supplier

CN
5 YRS

Business licensed

Trader Supplier of 4

Acetonitrile 75-05-8 C2H3N

CAS No.: 75-05-8

Grade: Industrial Grade

Content: 99.9%

Inquiry
BLUENOTE TRADING LLC Contact Supplier

US
4 YRS

Business licensed

Trader Supplier of Fertilizer,Food Additives,Water Chemicals,Industrial Chemicals,Solvents,Minning Chemicals

Acetonitrile (75-05-8)

CAS No.: 75-05-8

Inquiry
Shandong Lingnuo chemical Co., Ltd Contact Supplier

CN
5 YRS

Business licensed

Trader Supplier of Melamine,ethyl acetate,maleic anhydride,acetic acid,tetrahydrofuran,butyl acetate,methylene chloride,Dimethyl Formamide,isopropyl alcohol,methyl acetate,aniline oil

Acetonitrile 99.5% Colorless liquid Lingnuo

CAS No.: 75-05-8

Grade: Industrial Grade

Content: 99.5%

Inquiry