Benz[c]acridine

229.28

229.28

205-930-2

BV4376Y90X

89261

3077

DTXSID9059759

Yellow needles

2933990090

12.9

4.49 (est)

Benz[c]acridine is a solid.

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

108 °C

434 °C @ Press: 757 Torr

201.4±12.7 °C

1.783

soluble in acetone

2-8°C

9.8X10-7 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

mma-sat 1 nmol/plate GANNA2 70,749,79

Flammable; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

Henry's Law constant = 2.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 4.70

The heterocyclic nitrogen atom reacts with halogenand and alkyl sulfates to form quaternary acridinium salts.|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

BENZ[C]ACRIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.

III

6.1(b)

2811

Ventilated, low temperature and dry

Very stable

P273, P391, P501

H400

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

USEPA; Health Assessment Document: Polycyclic Organic Matter (1979) EPA-600/9-79-008|Dangerous Prop Ind Mater Rep 5 (1): 31-2 (1985). A review of safety toxicology, health hazards, and safety of benzacridine|IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Hum 32: 129-34 (1983)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Respiratory protection for coal tar pitch volatiles is as follows: Particulate concentration of 2 mg/cu m or less: A chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high efficiency, or any supplied-air respirator, or any self-contained breathing apparatus. 10 mg/cu m or less: A chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and an organic vapor cartridge(s) and with a fume or high-efficiency filter, or gas mask with a chin-style or a front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister and with a full facepiece and a fume or high-efficiency filter, or any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood, or any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. 200 mg/cu m or less: A type C supplied-air respirator operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode, a powered air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and a high-efficiency particulate filter. 400 mg/cu m or less: A type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood operated in continuous-flow mode. Greater than 400 mg/cu m or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: A combination respirator which includes a type C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode; Escape. Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors and particulates, including pesticide respirators which meet the requirements of this class, any escape self-contained breathing apparatus. /Coal tar pitch volatiles/|Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face-shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with coal tar pitch volatiles. Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof goggles where there is any possibility of liquid coal tar volatiles contacting the eyes. /Coal tar pitch volatiles/

One third of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is bound to larger suspended particles, one third is bound to finely dispersed particles, and the other third is present in dissolved form. The particle-bound portion of PAH can be removed by sedimentation, flocculation, and filtration processes. The remaining one-third dissolved PAH usually requires oxidation for partial removal/transformation. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons/

U016; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV.D.3.b).

U016; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when benz[c]acridine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Benz(c)acridine particulate concentrations of 15 mg/1000 cu m gas were detected in domestic coal combustion stack effluents and concentrations of 18.0 and 60.0 mg/1000 cu m gas were detected in petroleum refinery incinerator effluents(1). Particulate concentrations of 0.200 mg/1000 cu m gas were detected in the motor exhaust of a gasoline powered 1956 model truck(2); this concentration was low compared to other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(2). Benz(c)acridine has also been identified in coke oven emissions(3).

Benz(c)acridine was quantitatively identified in samples of bottom sediments in China(1). Soils samples collected from a wood-processing plant and military area in northern Germany contained benz(c)acridine concentrations of 7.3 and 13.3 mg/kg respectively(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Benz(c)acridine particulate concentrations ranging from below the detection limit to 1.5 ng/cu m were found in airborne samples from 50 cities in the USA in 1966, with an average concentration of 0.43 ng/cu m(1). An average atmospheric level of 0.6 ng/cu m was reported for the average urban atmosphere in the USA in 1963(2). Air polluted from coal-tar pitch was found to contain 0.12 ng/cu m(3). Atmospheric particulate samples collected in the city of Lanzhou China in March 2003 contained benz(c)acridine concentration of 52.3 ng/cu m(4). Benz(c)acridine particulate concentrations of 0.09-0.17 ng/cu m were detected in residential and busy street ambient samples collected in Copenhagen Denmark in Feb 1976-1982(5).|URBAN/SUBURBAN: Benz(c)acridine concentration in atmosphere of 2 cities in North-Rhine-Westphalia (West Germany) is much higher than the average concentration in USA cities. Proportion of benz(c)acridine to benz(a)pyrene is 0.1-0.3 (relatively high). Main source of these is coal processing and combustion.|URBAN/SUBURBAN: Benz(c)acridine particulate concentrations ranging from below the detection limit to 1.5 ng/cu m were found in airborne samples from 50 cities in the USA in 1966 with an average concentration of 0.43 ng/cu m(1). An average atmospheric level of 0.6 ng/cu m was reported for the average urban atmosphere in the USA in 1963(2). Air polluted from coal-tar pitch was found to contain 0.12 ng/cu m(3). Atmospheric particulate samples collected in the city of Lanzhou China in March 2003 contained benz(c)acridine concentration of 52.3 ng/cu m(4). Benz(c)acridine particulate concentrations of 0.09-0.17 ng/cu m were detected in residential and busy street ambient samples collected in Copenhagen Denmark in Feb 1976-1982(5).

Benz(c)acridine has been identified as a component of tobacco smoke(1).

The metabolism of benz(a)- and benz(c)acridine by liver and lung microsomes from untreated, phenobarbital (PB)-treated and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF)-treated rats has been studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Epoxidation and hydrolysis of the epoxides to dihydrodiols were found to be the predominant pathways for all substrates. N-oxidation is likely to occur in the case of benz(c)acridine. However, no unequivocal evidence could be obtained for the formation of the ultimate carcinogens (the t-3,4-dihydrodiol-1,2-epoxides). K-region oxidation was induced by phenobarbital, whereas the formation of non-K-region metabolites incr after BkF treatment in the case of benz(c)acridine.

Since benz(c)acridine has been identified as a combustion product of fossil fuels(1), there may be natural sources such as forest fires, and volcanoes(SRC).

Benz(c)acridine is not produced or used as a commercial product(1) with the exception as a research chemical. Benz(c)acridine is released in stack effluents from residential coal-burning furnaces and in incineration effluents from oil refineries(2). It can be released in exhaust generated by gasoline engines(3). It occurs in emissions associated with coal-tar, coke ovens, creosote and in combustion products from fossil fuels that have a high nitrogen content(1,2,4). Benz(c)acridine is a component of cigarette smoke and condensate(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benz(c)acridine is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benz(c)acridine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Benz(c)acridine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.8X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Benz(c)acridine strongly absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and has been shown to photodegrade readily in aqueous solutions exposed to sunlight(4); therefore, exposure to sunlight on soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC). Biodegradation data in soil specific to benz(c)acridine were not available(SRC, 2013).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benz(c)acridine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 420(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are not likely to appreciably bioconcentrate in organisms which have microsomal oxidase, such as fish, as this enzyme allows the organism to metabolize PAH's(5). Benz(c)acridine strongly absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and has been shown to photodegrade readily in aqueous solutions exposed to sunlight(7); therefore, exposure to sunlight in water may be an important fate process(SRC). Benz(c)acridine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Biodegradation data in water specific to benz(c)acridine were not available(SRC, 2013).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benz(c)acridine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.8X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Monitoring data suggest it will exist primarily in the particulate phase(3,4). Vapor-phase benz(c)acridine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 14 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase benz(c)acridine may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Benz(c)acridine strongly absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and has been shown to photodegrade readily in aqueous solutions exposed to sunlight(6); therefore, photodegradation may be an important fate process(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benz(c)acridine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). In cyclohexane solution, benz(c)acridine exhibits absorption maximas at 315, 330, 338, 346, 355, 364, 374 and 383 nm(2); therefore, since benz(c)acridine absorbs at wavelenghts >290 nm, it may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). In photodegradation tests using aqueous solutions of benz(c)acridine exposed to solar radiation, benz(c)acridine had a half-life 4.52 times longer than benzo(a)pyrene's half-life of 15.5 minutes indicating that photo-oxidation under sunlight may be an important fate process in the environment(3). Benz(c)acridine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4).

An estimated BCF of 420 was calculated in fish for benz(c)acridine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.49(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are not likely to appreciably bioconcentrate in organisms which have microsomal oxidase, such as fish, as this enzyme allows the organism to metabolize PAH's(3).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of benz(c)acridine can be estimated to be 1.8X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that benz(c)acridine is expected to be immobile in soil. The pKa of benz(c)acridine is 4.70(3), indicating that this compound is a weak base and will exist primarily in the undissociated form in the environment with a small fraction in cation form. Cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The Henry's Law constant for benz(c)acridine is estimated as 2.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that benz(c)acridine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Benz(c)acridine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Benz(c)acridine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.8X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

Human exposure to benz(c)acridine occurs primarily through inhalation of polluted air and by ingestion of food and water contaminated with combustion products(1). Human exposure to benz(c)acridine also occurs through inhalation of tobacco smoke(2).

The mechanism of transport by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) into cells & between intracellular membranes is discussed. From the partitioning parameters, the rate limiting step involves solvation of transfer species in the interfacial water at phospholipid surface. Transfer of pyrene out of the phosphatidylcholine vesicles was examined. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons/|Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are highly soluble in adipose tissue and lipids. /Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons/

The bay-region diol epoxides and tetrahydro epoxides of benz(c)acridine were from 1-4 orders of magnitude more mutagenic to bacterial (Salmonella typhimurium) and mammalian cells (Chinese hamster V-79 cells) than were their non-bay-region counterparts. In all the mutagenic test systems studied, the bay-region diol epoxides and tetrahydro epoxides of B(c)AC were substantially more active than the analogs and derivatives of B(a)AC, indicating the importance of the position of N-heteroatom on the biological activity. Metabolic activation studies with hepatic microsomes from Aroclor 1254-treated rats indicated that B(c)Ac 3,4-dihydrodiol was metabolized to mutagenic products to a greater extent than B(a)AC 3,4-dihydrodiol. The 1,2-, 5,6-, 8,9-, and 10,11-dihydrodiol of B(c)AC were not metabolically activated to mutagenic metabolites.|The 5,6-dihydrodiol of benz(c)acridine has been detected as a metabolite together with other, unidentified dihydrodiols & monohydroxyderivatives in studies in which benz(c)acridine was incubated with rat liver and lung microsomal preparations.|The metabolism of benz(a)- and benz(c)acridine by liver and lung microsomes from untreated, phenobarbital (PB)-treated and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF)-treated rats was studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Epoxidation and hydrolysis of the epoxides to dihydrodiols were found to be the predominant pathways for all substrates. N-Oxidation is likely to occur in the case of benz(c)acridine. No unequivocal evidence could be obtained for the formation of the ultimate carcinogens (the t-3,4-dihydrodiol-1,2-epoxides) in case of both benz(a)- and benz(c)acridine. K-Region oxidation was induced by phenobarbital, whereas the formation of non-K-region metabolites increased after BkF treatment in the case of benz(c)acridine.|The main pathway of the metabolic activation of benz(a)- and benz(c)acridine in rat lung and liver microsomes was oxidation to phenols and dihydrodiols. Oxidation at the K-region predominated in both acridines with microsomes of untreated rats and was stimulated by phenobarbital pretreatment. The benz(c)acridine metabolism with lung and liver microsomes showed a similar behavior. Even induction by phenobarbital and benzo(K)fluoranthene did not influence the ratio between K-region and non-K region oxidation.|The metabolism of benz(a)- and benz(c)acridine by liver and lung microsomes from untreated, phenobarbital (PB)-treated and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF)-treated rats has been studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Epoxidation and hydrolysis of the epoxides to dihydrodiols were found to be the predominant pathways for all substrates. N-oxidation is likely to occur in the case of benz(c)acridine. However, no unequivocal evidence could be obtained for the formation of the ultimate carcinogens (the t-3,4-dihydrodiol-1,2-epoxides). K-region oxidation was induced by phenobarbital, whereas the formation of non-K-region metabolites incr after BkF treatment in the case of benz(c)acridine.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Coal-tar and other materials which are known to be carcinogenic to man may contain benz(c)acridine.

3,4-benzacridine

NOT USED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

NIOSH Method 183: Polynuclear aromatic compounds are collected from air on a membrane filter & extracted with benzene. After addition of an internal standard, the extract is concentrated by evaporation & a portion of the concentrate is injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector & a 10:1 effluent splitter. The polynuclear aromatic compounds & the internal standard are trapped individually as they elute from the GC column. The amount of each cmpd in the collected fraction is determined by UV spectrophotometry. Appropriate corrections are applied as determined by the recovery of the internal standard. B(c)AC maximum detection is at 384 nm. It has a baseline or background wavelength of 380, 392 nm. Its retention time is 22.0 min. The detection limit is 2.3 ug/0.5 cu m sample of air. Precision is not determined.|Various techniques have been described for the separation, identification and quantitative determination of polynuclear aza aromatic compounds in air, cigarette smoke and motor exhaust gases. Determination by gas chromatography, paper and thin-layer electrophoresis, and by spectrophotometry. An improvement in isolation of b(c)aC from tobacco smoke condensate is reported. /Polynuclear aza aromatic compounds/|Fast, efficient liquid chromatography separations of azaarenes were obtained using both, reverse-phase, and adsorbent packings. Azaarenes with 2-5 rings are separated within 20 min. Sample recovery is quantitative and permits subsequent UV and fluorescence spectrophotometric identifications. Detection limit for most azaarenes is 1 ng with A 254-NM UV detector. An application to an air pollution problem demonstrates the usefulness of this approach. /Azaarenes/|Recommended method for the gas chromatographic profile analysis of basic nitrogen-containing aromatic components (azaarenes) in high-protein foods. /Azaarenes/