Tyramine

137.17900

137.18

200-115-8

X8ZC7V0OX3

249188

DTXSID2043874

CRYSTALS FROM BENZENE OR ALCOHOL|PLATES OR NEEDLES FROM BENZENE, NEEDLES FROM WATER

2922299090

46.25000

1.59370

Solid

1.103g/cm3

164-165 °C

166 °C @ Press: 2 Torr

165ºC

1.600

H2O: 1g/95mL (15 ºC)

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

LD50 intracervical in mouse: 30mg/kg

129.74 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]|123.43 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: stepped-field]|139.98 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: stepped-field]|122.6 Ų [M+H]+

CRYSTALS FROM ALCOHOL + ETHER /TYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE/

NONH for all modes of transport

3

R36/37/38

S26-S37/39

SJ5950000

Xi

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H315-H319-H335

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The monoamine oxidase inhibitor tyramine reaction.[Brown C et al; J Clin Pharmacol 29 (6): 529-32 (1989)]

|Warning|H315 (95.74%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 139 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF FURAZOLIDONE IS ACCOMPANIED BY PROGRESSIVE & GENERALIZED INHIBITION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE... TYRAMINE HAS...BEEN REPORTED TO INTERACT WITH FURAZOLIDONE...|PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE & OTHER INDIRECT-ACTING SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES (EG, TYRAMINE) PRODUCE HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS & RELATED SYMPTOMS IN SOME INDIVIDUALS CURRENTLY RECEIVING OR PREVIOUSLY BEING TREATED WITH TRANYLCYPROMINE OR OTHER MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS /SUCH AS ISOCARBOXAZID, PARGYLINE & PHENELZINE/. ...MAY BE FATAL.|ALTHOUGH SELECTIVE MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR (-)-DEPRENYL SUBSTANTIALLY INHIBITS TYRAMINE (I)-OXIDIZING ABILITY IN PIG, IV TYRAMINE CHALLENGE AFTER PRETREATMENT WITH THIS DRUG FAILED TO PRODUCE PRESSOR RESPONSE ("CHEESE EFFECT") ASSOC WITH OTHER IRREVERSIBLE MAO INHIBITORS.|PRETREATMENT OF THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS WITH T3 & RESERPINE ABOLISHED TYRAMINE INDUCED HYPOTENSIVE ACTION. PRETREATMENT WITH PHENOXYBENZAMINE INHIBITED ACTION IN INTACT RAT AS WELL, WHEREAS CYPROHEPTADINE INCR ACTION IN THYROIDECTOMIZED RAT BUT NOT IN INTACT RATS|For more Interactions (Complete) data for TYRAMINE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Hypertensive crisis /may result in/ patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

...TYRAMINE.../ARISES/ FROM MICROBIOLOGICAL DECARBOXYLATION OF CHOLINE, TRYPTOPHAN, TYROSINE, AND OTHER AMINO ACIDS PRESENT IN FOODSTUFF RESIDUES IN INTESTINAL TRACT. ...ALSO FOUND IN PUTREFYING FOODSTUFFS, SUCH AS CHEESE, HIGH GAME & SPOILED FISH, & ETHYLAMINE...|...THE SCLEROTIA /OF ERGOT/ CONTAIN A LARGE NUMBER OF AMINES AND OTHER NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS, SOME, SUCH AS...TYRAMINE...HAVING PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY.|...FOODS CONTAINING TYRAMINE.../INCLUDE/ PICKLED HERRING, BEER, WINE (ESP RED WINE), & CHICKEN LIVERS...|BASE FOUND IN MISTLETOE...

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic Agents; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Sympathomimetics|/TYRAMINE WAS/...FORMERLY /USED/ AS HYPOTENSIVE, OXYTOCIC.|...HAS BEEN USED @ 2% CONCN IN MYDRIATIC EYEDROPS. THIS HAS BEEN SAID TO REDUCE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE...IN SOME PATIENTS WITH OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA.

...PREPARATIONS HAVE NOT CAUSED DEATH, BUT...THERAPEUTIC USE PRODUCES SIDE ACTIONS WHICH ARE OFTEN UNPLEASANT. /TYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE/|NO ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE EYE APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN REPORTED, BUT PRESUMABLY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA COULD BE INDUCED BY MYDRIASIS IN EYES HAVING PATHOLOGICALLY NARROW ANGLES & SHALLOW ANTERIOR CHAMBERS.|AVG MEAL OF NATURAL OR AGED CHEESES CONTAINS ENOUGH TYRAMINE TO PROVOKE MARKED RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE & OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES. ... OTHER FOODS IMPLICATED...SNAILS...YEAST, LARGE QUANTITIES OF COFFEE, CITRUS FRUITS, CANNED FIGS, BROAD BEANS... PT BEING TREATED WITH MAO INHIBITOR...GIVEN LIST OF FOODS TO BE AVOIDED...|Consumption of foods containing more than 10 g of tyramine (eg, aged cheeses, yeast products) together with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs may lead to serious hypertensive reactions.

Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin. (See all compounds classified as Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors.)|Drugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. (See all compounds classified as Sympathomimetics.)

96% OF (14)C WAS EXCRETED IN 24-HR URINE OF RATS GIVEN IP DOSE OF...(14)C TYRAMINE. 67% WAS EXCRETED IN 3 HR, BUT THIS AMT WAS MARKEDLY REDUCED IF RATS WERE PRETREATED WITH MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR. /HUMANS/...EXCRETED 58% OF (14)C IN 24-HR URINE FOLLOWING IV DOSE...|WHEN TYRAMINE...WAS INJECTED INTO RATS, MAJOR URINARY METABOLITE WAS FREE P-HYDROXYPHENYLACETIC ACID...(77% OF THAT PROPORTION OF DOSE EXCRETED IN URINE)...|.../TYRAMINE IS/ POORLY ABSORBED FROM BOWEL, BUT.../IS/ READILY ABSORBED FROM SC INJECTION. .../IT/ MAY BE ABSORBED TO A GREATER OR LESS EXTENT FROM NASAL MUCOSA.|(14)C-LABELED TYRAMINE BOUND TO PLASMA PROTEINS OF RABBITS IN DOSE- & TIME OF INCUBATION-RELATED MANNER. MAX BINDING CAPACITY EST AS 70.2 UG/G. AFFINITY FOR PLASMA PROTEINS MUCH LOWER THAN THAT OF NORADRENALINE.

THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL...METABOLIC STUDIES OF TYRAMINE IN MAMMALS, & TRACERS HAVE BEEN USED. ...SMALL AMT OF P-HYDROXYMANDELIC ACID, VANILMANDELIC ACID, & HOMOVANILLIC ACID /HAVE BEEN INDENTIFIED/.|WHEN TYRAMINE...WAS INJECTED INTO RATS, MAJOR URINARY METABOLITE WAS FREE P-HYDROXYPHENYLACETIC ACID...|...TYRAMINE...PRESENT IN CHEESE AND IN YEAST EXTRACT...IS NORMALLY DETOXICATED BY MONOAMINE OXIDASE, PRESENT IN INTESTINE AND LIVER, TO YIELD PARA-HYDROXYPHENYLETHANOL, PARA-HYDROXYPHENYLACETIC ACID AND ITS GLYCINE CONJUGATE, PARA-HYDROXYPHENACETURIC ACID, AND...N-ACETYLTYRAMINE.|WHEN HUMAN/S/...TREATED WITH (14)C-TYRAMINE.../URINARY METABOLITE/ P-HYDROXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE...CONTRIBUTED LESS THAN 0.5%.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for TYRAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|Tyramine has known human metabolites that include Dopamine and Tyramine glucuronide.

... Findings indicate that tyramine acts presynaptically to cause a release of endogenous norepinephrine from the nerve, which in turn acts on postjunctional receptors.

Tyramine is a sympathomimetic amine that is without effect when ingested in food because of its rapid biotransformation by monoamine oxidase in the gut and liver. This ... does not occur when monoxidase oxidase is inhibited.|... The role of food additives, tyramine and acetylsalicylic acid, was investigated by double blind placebo controlled challenges in 25 children with severe atopic dermatitis. All children challenged with foods (n = 24), except 1, showed one or more positive reactions to the double blind placebo controlled challenges with foods. Positive reactions presented different combinations of flares of skin symptoms, intestinal symptoms and respiratory systems. Seventeen children (78%) showed a positive challenge to egg, 12% to wheat (50%), eight to milk (33.3%) and eight to soya. Six children underwent double blind placebo controlled challenges with food additives, tyramine and acetylsalicylic acid. All were found to demonstrate positive skin and/or intestinal reactions to at least one of the food additives. Two children reacted to tartrazine, three to sodium benzoate, two to sodium glutamate, two to sodium metabisulfite, four to acetylsalicylic acid and one to tyramine. ... Foods, food additives, tyramine and acetylsalicylic acid can cause positive double blind placebo controlled challenges in children with severe atopic dermatitis.

4 Hydroxyphenethylamine

THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF BASIC DRUGS /ONE OF THE DRUGS INCL IS TYRAMINE/ ON SILICA GEL G.|SPECTROFLUOROMETRY AND TLC WERE USED FOR THE DETERMINATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TYRAMINE IN WINE.|PROCEDURES ARE GIVEN FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ION-PAIR CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ORGANIC AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS.|A MACROPOROUS POLYMER IS USED FOR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ALKALOIDS, AMPHETAMINES AND HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN BASES.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for TYRAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

GLC RETENTION INDEXES OF 296 NONDRUG SUBSTANCES ON SE-30 OR OV-1 LIKELY TO BE ENCOUNTERED IN TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSES ARE PRESENTED.|OVER 60 DIFFERENT AMPHETAMINE-RELATED AMINES WERE ANALYZED BY EMIT (ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE) AT SEVERAL DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS.|AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO RELATE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES TO THE AFFINITY OF AMPHETAMINE-RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH THE RIA AMPHETAMINE ANTIBODY.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavoring Agents