Intervertebral disc herniation is one of the more common spinal diseases in clinical practice. It is mainly because the components of the intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, cartilage plate), especially the nucleus pulposus, have different degrees of degenerative changes. Under the influence of external factors, the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc ruptures, and the nucleus pulposus tissue protrudes (or falls out) from the ruptured part to the back (side) or inside the spinal canal, thereby causing adjacent tissues, such as spinal nerve roots and spinal cord, to be stimulated or compressed, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms such as neck, shoulder, waist and leg pain, numbness, etc.