Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative and an oral antidiabetic drug. It is used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. The effect of nateglinide depends on the function of pancreatic β cells. Nateglinide binds to the ATP-sensitive K channel receptors on the β cell membrane and closes them, causing cell depolarization, calcium channel opening, and calcium influx, thereby stimulating insulin secretion and lowering blood sugar levels. The insulin secretion-promoting effect of nateglinide depends on the blood glucose level. When the glucose level is low, the insulin secretion-promoting effect is weakened. Nateglinide has a high degree of tissue selectivity and has a low affinity for myocardial and skeletal muscles.

Ampicillin is stable to gastric acid, has good oral absorption, and is well distributed after absorption. The drug concentration in bile and urine is high, and effective therapeutic concentrations can be achieved in inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, joint effusion, and bronchial secretion fluid. The blood elimination half-life (t1/2β) is 1 to 1.5 hours. The plasma protein binding rate is 20%. The amount excreted in urine 24 hours after oral administration accounts for 20% to 60% of the dose, and most of it is excreted in its original form.

It is effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and acts on the active reproduction stage of bacteria by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptides to kill bacteria.

It is a benzoic acid derivative that competes with ampicillin for the same active transporter in the renal tubules, inhibiting the latter's excretion from the renal tubules, increasing the blood concentration of ampicillin and prolonging its blood elimination half-life.