Top quality Carcinine Dihydrochloride

Introduction to Carcinine Dihydrochloride

Carcinine dihydrochloride (chemical formula: C₈H₁₆Cl₂N₄O; molecular weight: 255.14 g/mol)134 is the dihydrochloride salt form of Carcinine (also known as β-Alanylhistamine), a naturally occurring small molecule found in the hearts of several mammals, including humans1. It is a selective histamine H₃ receptor antagonist with significant antioxidant properties and potential neuroprotective effects45.

Key Characteristics and Mechanisms

• Receptor Antagonism: Carcinine dihydrochloride acts as a highly selective antagonist of the histamine H₃ receptor (Ki = 0.30 µM), demonstrating approximately 1000-fold selectivity over H₂ and H₁ receptors23. This specificity allows it to modulate neurological and inflammatory pathways without broadly affecting other histamine receptors.

• Antioxidant Activity: It functions as a potent natural antioxidant, effectively scavenging free radicals (including hydroxyl radicals) and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, thereby reducing oxidative stress24.

• Neuroprotection: Studies indicate it provides protective effects for retinal cells in mice under oxidative stress, suggesting potential applications in managing neurological and ocular disorders45.

• Metabolic Role: In mammals, Carcinine may act as a positive inotropic factor in the heart and play a role in cardiac physiology through its metabolic relationship with histamine1.

Applications and Uses

• Research Tool: Primarily used in scientific research to study histamine H₃ receptor dynamics and oxidative stress models24.

• Neuroprotective Research: Investigated for its potential to protect neuronal tissues from damage caused by oxidative stress, particularly in the retina45.

• Cardiac Physiology: Explored for its influence on heart function due to its presence in mammalian cardiac tissue1.

Physical Properties and Handling

• Form: White to off-white solid powder46.

• Solubility: Soluble in water (100 mM) and DMSO (100 mM)2.

• Storage: Should be desiccated at room temperature or stored at -20°C for long-term stability24.

• Safety: May cause skin and eye irritation (GHS hazard codes: H315, H318, H335). Proper protective measures (gloves, eye protection) are recommended during handling3.

Available Forms

Carcinine dihydrochloride is typically supplied as a high-purity (≥98%) powder for research use126. It is not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in humans24.

Conclusion

Carcinine dihydrochloride is a specialized biochemical tool with dual functionality as a selective H₃ receptor antagonist and a robust antioxidant. Its potential neuroprotective and cardiophysiological roles make it a compound of interest in preclinical research, particularly for studying oxidative stress and histamine-related pathways. Further research is needed to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential.

For specific experimental protocols or detailed pharmacological data, consulting specialized literature or product-specific documentation is recommended.