I. Basic Chemical Identification (Core Parameters)
- Common Names: Nicotinamide Riboside Tartrate, NR Tartrate, Nicotinamide Riboside Hydrogen Tartrate
- English Names: Nicotinamide Riboside Tartrate, Nicotinamide Riboside Hydrogen Tartrate (NRT)
- CAS Registry Number: 2415657-86-0
- Molecular Weight: 404.36 Da
- Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₂₂N₂O₁₁
- Category: Fine chemical raw material, belonging to vitamin B3 (niacin) derivatives, and also a carboxylic acid derivative (tartrate derivative)
- Core Characteristics: It is an orally active NAD+ precursor, which can increase the level of NAD+ in the body through metabolic pathways and activate SIRT1 and SIRT3 proteins; as a source of vitamin B3 (niacin), it can enhance oxidative metabolism, prevent metabolic abnormalities induced by high-fat diet, reduce cognitive degradation in Alzheimer's disease models, and has both nutritional supplement and physiological activity-related characteristics.
II. Key Physicochemical Properties (Detailed Parameters)
- Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder, no visible impurities, no obvious odor, uniform crystal form, no caking, and good fluidity
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in purified water (soluble after ultrasonic treatment), slightly soluble in methanol (soluble after heating), slightly soluble in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO); weakly acidic in aqueous solution, and the solution is clear and transparent without precipitation after dissolution.
- Specific Rotation: (α)20/D +38°, c = 1 (solvent: water)
- Stability: Stable under dark, sealed and dry environment; can be stored for a short time (1-3 months) at room temperature (25℃±2℃); long-term storage needs to avoid high temperature, humidity and strong light to prevent degradation, and the product has slight hygroscopicity, so the storage environment must be strictly controlled.
- Melting Point: 166℃ (decomposition point), decomposition will occur when heated to the decomposition point, producing a small amount of nicotinamide by-products.
- Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic, easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate in an environment with relative humidity >60%, so the storage environment must be strictly controlled to ensure product stability.
- Cosmetic Efficacy: It has skin conditioning and skin protection effects, and can be used as a raw material for skin care products to assist in improving skin state.
III. Synthesis Process and Process Control
A two-step synthesis method is adopted, with mature and controllable process, which can effectively ensure product purity and yield, and meet the specifications of fine chemical production. The specific process and control points are as follows:
- Step 1: Preparation of Nicotinamide Riboside — Using nicotinamide and ribose as raw materials, carry out condensation reaction at 35-40℃ under the action of a catalyst for 4-6 hours, monitor the reaction endpoint by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (conversion rate ≥98%), and obtain high-purity nicotinamide riboside intermediate after purification and drying.
- Step 2: Tartaric Acid Complexation Reaction — Mix nicotinamide riboside and tartaric acid at a molar ratio of 1:1, carry out complexation reaction in anhydrous ethanol system, control the reaction temperature at 25-30℃, stirring speed at 200-300r/min, reaction time for 2-3 hours, and monitor the reaction progress by HPLC; after the reaction is completed, obtain the finished product of Nicotinamide Riboside Tartrate through cooling crystallization, filtration, washing and vacuum drying.
- Process Control Points: The water content of the reaction system must be strictly controlled (≤0.5%) to avoid affecting the complexation effect; select catalysts without heavy metal residues to ensure that the heavy metal indicators of the finished product meet the standard; the drying temperature is controlled at 60-70℃, and the vacuum degree is -0.08~-0.10MPa to prevent product degradation or moisture absorption; the specific rotation of the product must be monitored to ensure the correctness of the product configuration.
IV. Quality Standards and Detection Methods (Industrial Grade/Scientific Research Grade)
The quality standards strictly follow the relevant specifications of fine chemical raw materials and GMP requirements, divided into industrial grade and scientific research grade, with accurate and traceable detection methods, and refer to the relevant standards of tartrate products:
- HPLC Purity: Industrial grade ≥98.0%, scientific research grade ≥99.0%; Detection Conditions: Mobile phase is methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (volume ratio 30:70), detection wavelength 260nm, flow rate 1.0mL/min.
- Key Impurity Control: Single impurity ≤0.5%, total impurity ≤2.0%, no obvious unknown impurities (qualitative confirmation is required for impurities with content ≥0.1%).
- Routine Indicators: Moisture ≤8.0% (detected by Karl Fischer method); Heavy metals (calculated as Pb) ≤10ppm (detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry); Ash ≤0.1%; Specific Rotation (α)20/D +37°~+39°, c = 1 (solvent: water).
- Identification Methods: Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) — Characteristic absorption peaks of nicotinamide riboside appear at 1650cm⁻¹, 1550cm⁻¹ and 1200cm⁻¹, and characteristic absorption peaks of tartrate appear at 1720cm⁻¹ and 1100cm⁻¹; Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) — Clear spots, no miscellaneous spots; HPLC retention time is consistent with the standard product; Tartrate reaction identification is carried out in accordance with relevant standards.
V. Storage, Transportation and Safety Specifications
1. Storage Requirements
- Packaging: Double-layer sealed packaging is adopted, the inner layer is food-grade polyethylene plastic bag, the outer layer is cardboard barrel or aluminum foil bag, which is tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and air leakage, and a desiccant (silica gel) is built-in to reduce moisture absorption.
- Storage Environment: Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, avoid high temperature, humidity and strong light; control relative humidity ≤60% and storage temperature ≤25℃; long-term storage is recommended at 2-8℃ to extend the shelf life.
- Shelf Life: Under sealed condition, it can be stored stably for 12 months at room temperature; it can be stored stably for 24 months at 2-8℃; it should be used as soon as possible after opening, and the remaining products should be re-sealed and stored in a refrigerated environment.
VI. Application Fields and Specification Requirements
- Main Application Fields: ① Scientific Research Field — Used as a research reagent for NAD+ metabolism, cell experiments, Alzheimer's disease-related research, etc., which can increase intracellular and mitochondrial NAD+ content in a concentration-dependent manner and restore the function of antiviral Poly ADP-ribose Polymerase (PARP); ② Fine Chemical Field — Used as an intermediate for the synthesis of high-value vitamin B3 derivatives; ③ Cosmetics Field — Used as a raw material for skin care products to play the role of skin conditioning and protection; ④ Nutritional Supplement Field — Used as a raw material for functional nutritional supplements (for R&D use only, shall not be used for food addition without obtaining relevant qualifications), which can enhance oxidative metabolism and prevent metabolic abnormalities induced by high-fat diet.
- Main Application Fields: ① Scientific Research Field — Used as a research reagent for NAD+ metabolism and vitamin B3-related research; ② Fine Chemical Field — Used as an intermediate for the synthesis of high-value vitamin B3 derivatives; ③ Cosmetics Field — Used as a raw material for skin care products to play the role of skin conditioning; ④ Nutritional Supplement Field — Used as a functional raw material for the R&D of related products (for R&D use only, not used in food, clinical and other fields).
