Dichloromethane | 75-09-2, Dichloromethane Formula

Description

Dichloromethane (DCM), also known as methylene chloride, is a volatile, colorless liquid with a sweet odor and is widely used as a solvent in various industries. It has a boiling point of 39.6°C, a melting point of -96.7°C, and is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like alcohols and ethers. While relatively inert under normal conditions, dichloromethane can undergo halogenation reactions under extreme conditions, producing harmful by-products like hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide.

Methylene chloride reacts strongly with active metals such as potassium, sodium, and lithium, and strong bases, for instance, potassium tert-butoxide. However, the compound is incompatible with strong caustics, strong oxidizers, and metals that are chemically active such as magnesium and aluminum powders.It is noteworthy that methylene chloride can attack some forms of coatings, plastic, and rubber. In addition, dichloromethane reacts with liquid oxygen, sodium-potassium alloy, and nitrogen tetroxide. When the compound comes into contact with water, it corrodes some stainless steels, nickel, copper as well as iron.When exposed to heat or water, dichloromethane becomes very sensitive as it is subjected to hydrolysis that is hastened by light. Under normal conditions, solutions of DCM such as acetone or ethanol should be stable for 24 hours.Methylene chloride does not react with alkali metals, zinc, amines, magnesium, as well as alloys of zinc and aluminum. When mixed with nitric acid or dinitrogen pentoxide, the compound can vigorously explode. Methylene chloride is flammable when mixed with methanol vapor in the air.Since the compound can explode, it is important to avoid certain conditions such as sparks, hot surfaces, open flames, heat, static discharge, and other ignition sources.

Dichloromethane is a colorless liquid with an ethereal, but penetrating odor. Its miscibility in alcohol and ether and slight solubility in water has made it an ideal solvent and otherwise extremely versatile chemical. It has been used industrially (solvent and paint remover), as a drug (inhalation anesthetic) and as an agricultural chemical (growth regulator and fertilizer). It is narcotic in high concentrations and carcinogenic. Inhalation exposure to this substance irritates the nose and throat and affects the central nervous system.

Dichloromethane is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor. It does not occur naturally in the environment. It is made from methane gas or wood alcohol. Industrial uses of dichloromethane are extensive, as a solvent in paint strippers, as a propellant in aerosols, and as a process solvent in the manufacturing of drugs. dichloromethane is also used as a metal cleaning and fi nishing solvent, and it is approved as an extraction solvent for spices and hops. Exposure to dichloromethane occurs in workplaces by breathing fumes from paint strippers that contain it (check the label), breathing fumes from aerosol cans that use it (check the label), and breathing contaminated air near waste sites.

Dichloromethane Basic Attributes

Molecular Weight：

84.93

BRN：

1730800

EC Number：

200-838-9

TSCA：

TSCA listed

Color/Form：

APHA: ≤10

HScode：

2903 12 00

Characteristics

λmax：

λ: 235 nm Amax: 1.00λ: 240 nm Amax: 0.20λ: 250 nm Amax: 0.05λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02λ: 340-400 nm Amax: 0.01

Physical Properties：

Clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, penetrating, ethereal odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) determined an odor threshold concentration of 214.0 ppmv. The average least detectable odor threshold concentrations of technical grade methylene chloride in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C were 5.6 and 24 mg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982).

Chemical Properties：

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Density：

1.325 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

Melting Point：

-97 °C

Boiling Point：

39.8-40 °C mm Hg(lit.)

Refractive Index：

n20/D1.424(lit.)

Water Solubility：

20 g/L (20 ºC)

Vapor Pressure：

24.45 psi ( 55 °C)

Vapor Density：

2.9 (vs air)

Toxicity：

LD50 orally in young adult rats: 1.6 ml/kg (Kimura)

Flammability characteristics：

Noncombustible. Dichloromethane vapor concentrated in a confined or poorly ventilated area can be ignited with a high-energy spark, flame, or high-intensity heat source.

Odor：

Odor threshold 160 to 230 ppm

PH：

7 (20°C)

Henrys Law Constant：

2.49 at 30 °C (headspace-GC, Sanz et al., 1997)

Air and Water Reactions：

Methylene chloride is a colourless liquid with a mild, sweet odour. Somewhat water soluble. Subject to slow hydrolysis which is accelerated by light.

Reactivity Profile：

Dichloromethane reacts vigorously with active metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium, and with strong bases such as potassium tert-butoxide. Dichloromethane is incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong caustics and chemically active metals such as aluminum or magnesium powders. The liquid will attack some forms of plastic, rubber and coatings. Dichloromethane reacts with sodium-potassium alloy, (potassium hydrogen + N-methyl-N-nitrosurea), nitrogen tetraoxide and liquid oxygen. Dichloromethane also reacts with titanium. On contact with water Dichloromethane corrodes iron, some stainless steels, copper and nickel. Dichloromethane is incompatible with alkali metals. Dichloromethane is incompatible with amines, zinc and alloys of aluminum, magnesium and zinc. Dichloromethane is liable to explode when mixed with dinitrogen pentaoxide or nitric acid. Mixtures of Dichloromethane in air with methanol vapor are flammable.

Autoignition Temperature：

556 °C

Critical Temperature & Pressure：

room temp

Safety Information

Packing level：

III

Hazard category：

6.1

wgk germany：

2

hazard class code：

Xn,T,F,N,C

safety instructions：

23-24/25-36/37-45-16-7-26-61-36/37/39

RTECS Number：

PA8050000

Storage features：

Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with thischemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Before entering confined space where this chemicalmay be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Methylene chloride must be storedto avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as perchlorates,peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, or permanganates), strongcaustics, and chemically active metals (such as aluminum,magnesium powder, sodium, potassium, or lithium) becauseviolent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers ina cool, well-ventilated area away from heat and moisture. Aregulated, marked area should be established where thischemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance withOSHA Standard 1910.1045.

Hazard Statements：

40-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-67-36/37/38-68/20/21/22-20/21/22-50-37-34

Hazardous Reactivities：

Incompatible with strong oxidizers, caustics; chemically active metals, such as aluminum, magnesium powders; potassium, lithium, and sodium; concentrated nitric acid causing fire and explosion hazard. Contact with hot surfaces or flames causes decomposition producing fumes of hydrogen chloride and phosgene gas. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture.

RIDADR：

UN 1593

Fire Hazards：

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Dissociation products generated in a fire may be irritating or toxic.

Toxicity

Human Exposure：

TLV-TWA 50 ppm (～175 mg/m3) (ACGIH); carcinogenicity: Suspected Human Carcinogen (ACGIH), Animal Sufficient Evidence, Human Inadequate Evidence (IARC).

Drug Information

Health Hazards：

Dichloromethane is classified as only slightly toxic by the oral and inhalation routes. Exposure to high concentrations of dichloromethane vapor (>500 ppm for 8 h) can lead to lightheadedness, fatigue, weakness, and nausea. Contact of the compound with the eyes causes painful irritation and can lead to conjunctivitis and corneal injury if not promptly removed by washing. Dichloromethane is a mild skin irritant, and upon prolonged contact (e.g., under the cover of clothing or shoes) can cause burns after 30 to 60 min exposure. Dichloromethane is not teratogenic at levels up to 4500 ppm or embryotoxic in rats and mice at levels up to 1250 ppm.

Dichloromethane Use and Manufacturing

Uses

1. Dichloromethane is a non-flammable low-boiling solvent, commonly used to replace flammable petroleum ether, and can be used as a refrigerant and fire extinguishing agent;
2. The product is used as a solvent in the resin and plastic industries. Widely used in medicine, plastics and film industries.
House Hold Uses
The compound is used in bathtub refurbishing. Dichloromethane is highly used industrially in the production of pharmaceuticals, strippers, and process solvents.
In

House Hold UsesThe compound is used in bathtub refurbishing. Dichloromethane is highly used industrially in the production of pharmaceuticals, strippers, and process solvents.Industrial and Manufacturing UsesDCM is a solvent that is found in varnish and paint strippers, which are often used to remove varnish or paint coatings from various surfaces. As a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, DCM is used for the preparation of cephalosporin and ampicillin.Food and Beverage ManufacturingIt is also used in manufacturing beverage and food manufacturing as an extraction solvent. For instance, DCM can be used to decaffeinate unroasted coffee beans as well as tea leaves. The compound is also used in creating hops extract for beer, beverages and other flavoring for foods, as well as in processing spices.Transportation IndustryDCM is normally used in the degreasing of metal parts and surfaces, such as railroad equipment and tracks as well as airplane components. It can also be used in degreasing and lubricating products utilized in automotive products, for instance, removal of the gasket and for preparing metal parts for a new gasket.Experts in automotive commonly use vapor dichloromethane degreasing process to for the removal of grease and oils from car parts of car transistor, spacecraft assemblies, aircraft components, and diesel motors. Today, specialists are able to safely and quickly clean transportation systems using degreasing techniques that depend on methylene chloride.Medical IndustryDichloromethane is used in laboratories in the extraction of chemicals from foods or plants for medicines such as antibiotics, steroids, and vitamins. In addition, medical equipment can be efficiently and quickly cleaned using dichloromethane cleaners while avoiding damage to heat-sensitive parts and corrosion problems.Photographic FilmsMethylene chloride is used as a solvent in the production of cellulose triacetate (CTA), which is applied in the creation of safety films in photography. When dissolved in DCM, CTA begins to evaporate as the fibre of acetate remains behind.Electronic IndustryMethylene chloride is used in the production of printed circuit boards in the electronic industry. DCM is utilized to degrease the foil surface of the substrate before the photoresist layer is added to the board.

Dichloromethane, also called methylene chloride, is widely used as a solvent, as a degreasing and cleaning reagent, in paint removers, and in extractions oforganic compounds from water for analyses.

Production

Dichloromethane was first prepared by Regnault in 1840 by the chlorination of methyl chloride in sunlight. It became an industrial chemical of importance during the Second World War. Two commercial processes are currently used for the production of dichloromethane—hydrochlorination of methanol and direct chlorination of methane (Rossberg et al., 1986; Holbrook, 1993). The predominant method of manufacturing dichloromethane uses as a first step the reaction of hydrogen chloride and methanol to give methyl chloride. Excess methyl chloride is then mixed with chlorine and reacts to give dichloromethane, with chloroform and carbon tetrachloride as co-products. This reaction is usually carried out in the gas phase thermally but can also be performed catalytically or photolytically. At low temperature and high pressure, the liquid-phase process is capable of giving high selectivity for dichloromethane (Rossberg et al., 1986; Holbrook, 1993).

Material

Carbon tetrachloride

Chlorotrimethylsilane

Downstream Products

Cephradine

Sodium bromide

Recommended Suppliers of Dichloromethane

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Methylene chloride Industrial grade

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