2-Chloroaniline

127.57200

127.57

202-426-4

G14I494T2F

0129

6183

2019

DTXSID2021810

Amber liquid|Water-white to tan liquid|Colorless liquid

2921420090

26.02000

2.50340

O-chloroaniline is a clear amber liquid with an amine odor. Occurs in both alpha and beta forms. (NTP, 1992)

1.2114 g/cm³ @ Temp: 22 °C

-14 °C

208.84 °C

98ºC

1.587-1.589

H2O: 5.13 g/L (20 ºC)

2-8ºC

Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 50

4.4

Characteristic sweet odor

Henry's Law constant= 5.39X10-6 (atm-cu m)/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/

pKa = 2.661 at 25 °C (conjugate acid)

Antoine coefficients: A= 4.15776, B= 1646.915, C= -85.259; Temperature range= 46.3-208.3 °C|MP: -1.9 °C; bp: 208.84 at 760 mm Hg; density: 1.21266 at 20 °C/4 °C. Index of refraction: 1.5889 at 20 °C/D /beta/|MP: -14 °C; bp: 208.84 at 760 mm Hg; density: 1.21253 at 20 °C/4 °C. Index of refraction: 1.58951 at 20 °C/D /alpha/|Darkens on exposure to air|Heat of decomposition: 0.41 KJ/g|Freezing point: -11.92 °C /alpha-form; -1.78 °C /beta-form/|Heat of fusion = 11.88 kJ/mol|Dielectric constant: 13.4|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant= 3.14X10-11 cu cm/(molecule-sec) at 25 °C /Estimated/

Sensitive to prolonged exposure to air and darkens on exposure to light. Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

O-CHLOROANILINE is incompatible with acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates and strong oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992)

>/=500 °C|>500 °C

13.565 kcal/mol at 25 °C; 10.60 kcal/mol at boiling point

II

6.1

UN 2019

2

R23/24/25; R33; R50/53

S28-S36/37-S45-S60-S61

BX0525000

T; N

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Well closed.

Darkens on exposure to air.

P261-P273-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P403 + P233

H301 + H311 + H331-H319-H373-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H301+H311+H331 (66.67%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P337+P313, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 129 companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P337+P313, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P337+P313, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|Wear butyl rubber gloves, long-sleeve coveralls made of plastics and self-contained breathing apparatus.

Water, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide /4-chloroaniline/

Immediately wash contaminated areas of body with concentrated soap solution. Remove contaminated clothing, dry, then wash with concentrated soap solution or dispose as waste. Contaminated shoes may be disposed in an incinerator.|Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chloroanilines, liquid; Chloroanilines, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chloroanilines, liquid; Chloroanilines, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Chloroanilines, liquid; Chloroanilines, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chloroanilines, liquid; Chloroanilines, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROANILINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

It is an irritant on skin and mucous membranes.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Well closed.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Medical observation is indicated. The effects may be delayed.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin.

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or face shield.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. o-chloroaniline is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

2-Chloroaniline was detected at an average concentration of 42.58 ug/L and a 76.5% frequency of detection in sewage treatment effluents in England and Wales collected in 1995(1). In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4,000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the US EPA, 2-chloroaniline was identified in discharges of the following industrial categories (positive occurrences, median concentration in ppb): pharmaceuticals (4; 588.1) and organic chemicals (3; 57.1)(2). The highest effluent concentration was 2564.1 ppb in the pharmaceutical industry(2). Wastewater discharges from the commercial manufacture of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) can contain 2-chloroaniline(3). 2-Chloroaniline was qualitatively detected in effluent discharges from chemical production facilities along the Upper Catawba River in North Carolina in 1973 and 1974(4). Sludge from the Muskegon County, Michigan wastewater treatment system was found to contain 48.3 mg/kg 2-chloroaniline(5).

SEDIMENT: Sediment from a waste treatment lagoon of a small 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) manufacturer in Adrian, MI was found to contain 600 ppm (dry wt basis) 2-chloroaniline(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: An unspecified isomer of chloroaniline was detected at a concentration of 33 ng/cu m near the American Cyanamid plant in Bound Brook, New Jersey, while no chloroaniline was detected at seven other industrial sites in the New Jersey area(1).

LD50 Cat dermal 222 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 256 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 4000-6000 mg/cu m/4 hr|LD50 Rat oral 1016 mg/kg bw|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROANILINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ 21 day Daphnia reproduction tests were conducted in line with the provisional procedure proposed by the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt, FRG), as of Jan 1, 1984. Groups of 20, 24-hr old Daphnia magna Straus were exposed to 0.001 to 3.16 mg/L 2-chloroaniline in semi-static test vessels. Parent animals in the test and control vessels had to be pipetted 3 times/wk in freshly prepared test and control media at the corresponding concentration level. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined from the parameters of mortality of the parent animals, reproduction rate and appearance of the first offspring during the test period. In preliminary acute Daphnia tests, the 24-hr EC50 was 6.0 mg/L for 2-chloroaniline, the EC0 was 1.4 mg/L. The nominal 21-day no observed effect concentration was 0.032 mg/L.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Twenty-nine day old fathead minnows were exposed to an 80 mg/L concentration of 2-chloroaniline. Test conditions were as follows: Exposure temperature: 24.9 °C; pH: 7.60. Average concentration/chamber of 2-chloroaniline ranged from 2.00-25.9 mg/L. Affected fathead minnows lost schooling behavior and swam near the tank surface. They were hyperactive and overreactive to external stimuli, were darkly colored, and hemorrhagic. Equilibrium loss was not observed prior to death.

2-Chloroaniline's production and use as an intermediate for rubber chemicals, pigments, pesticides, and dyes(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.|Chloroanilines may be released to the environment as fugitive emissions or in wastewater during their production or use as chemical intermediates(4). Chloroanilines may also form in the environment as degradation products of various pesticides(1). 2-Chloroaniline is produced from the biodegradation of insecticide phosmethylan(2). It may be released in wastewater from chemical plants manufacturing 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 260(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.90(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloroaniline is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). The pKa of 2-chloroaniline is 2.66(6), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in its nonionic form in the environment. Volatilization of 2-chloroaniline from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.20 mm Hg(7), and water solubility, 8.2X10+3 mg/L(8). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 2-Chloroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.20 mm Hg(7). Biodegradation screening tests suggest that 2-chloroaniline is slightly to non-biodegradable(9,10). 100% loss of UV absorbance by microbial degradation in a mineral salts solution, with a soil inoculum, required an excess of 64 days(11). When 2-chloroaniline (3-ppm) was incubated in Guelph loam with water added to 60% water-holding capacity, levels declined rapidly for 2 weeks after which time the rate of loss decreased(12). The percent of 2-chloroaniline remaining in soil after 2 and 8 weeks were 40 and 20%, respectively(12). Experiments using 2-chloroaniline show that it undergoes photolysis in aqueous solution when irradiated by light with wavelengths above 290 nm (13,14); 2-chloroaniline may also be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight in soil surfaces(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 260(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.90(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.20 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8.2X10+3 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7.8 days and 60 days, respectively(SRC). However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic group(6,7), and volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The pKa of 2-chloroaniline is 2.66(8), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in its nonionic form in the environment. According to a classification scheme(9), an estimated BCF of 5.8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation screening tests suggest that 2-chloroaniline is generally resistant to biodegradation or biodegrades slowly(11,12). 2-Chloroaniline (2 mg/L) was found to be not readily biodegradable with a 10% BOD observed after 5 days in a mixed inoculum of river water collected from the Songhua River in China(13). Irradiation of an aqueous solution of 2-chloroaniline in a quartz tube with a fluorochemical lamp (wavelengths above 300 nm) resulted in a photodegradation half-life of 11.5 hours(14). When aqueous solutions of 2.5X10-3 mol/L 2-chloroaniline in a photochemical reactor were irradiated by a mercury lamp (wavelengths 254, 297, and 365 nm), the concentration of 2-chloroaniline decreased exponentially with time, and the rate of disappearance approximated a first-order process with a rate constant of 0.107/hour(15).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloroaniline, which has a vapor pressure of 0.20 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloroaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 12 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Chloroaniline absorbs ultraviolet light above 290 nm(4). Experiments using 2-chloroaniline show that it undergoes photolysis in aqueous solution when irradiated by light with wavelengths above 290 nm (5,6); 2-chloroaniline may also be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight in air(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloroaniline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Chloroaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of readily hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 2-Chloroaniline absorbs ultraviolet light above 290 nm(3). Irradiation of an aqueous solution of 2-chloroaniline in a quartz tube with a fluorochemical lamp (wavelengths above 300 nm) resulted in a photodegradation half-life of 11.5 hours(4). When aqueous solutions of 2.5X10-3 mol/L 2-chloroaniline in a photochemical reactor were irradiated by a mercury lamp (wavelengths 254, 297, and 365 nm), the concentration of 2-chloroaniline decreased exponentially with time, and the rate of disappearance approximated a first-order process with a rate constant of 0.107/hour(5).

8.91|The average BCFs in the whole body of carp exposed to 2-chloroaniline in flow-through experiments (25 °C, 12L/hr) for 24 to 336 hours at high (16.1 ug/L) and low (0.83 ug/L) exposure levels were 2.0 and 3.7, respectively(1). Uptake was rapid in static tests (0.19 umol/L, 26 °C) on zebrafish and a BCF of 15.3 was obtained for 24 hour exposure(2). Log BCF of 2-chloroaniline in fish were experimentally determined to be less than 2.0 using the Japanese MITI test procedures(3). In an 8-week test performed at two concentration levels, the BCF of 2-chloroaniline in carp was 5.4-9.0 (0.1 ppm) and <14-32 (0.01 ppm)(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment.

The Koc of 2-chloroaniline is estimated as 260(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.9(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloroaniline is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. However, aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloroaniline is estimated as 5.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.20 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 8.2X10+3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloroaniline is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 7.8 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 60 days(SRC). 2-Chloroaniline's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2-Chloroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 0.20 mm Hg(1).

GROUNDWATER: 2-Chloroaniline was detected in 12 of 24 groundwater samples collected from groundwaters beneath a disused industrial complex at concentrations ranging from 216 ug/L to 4.4X10+4 ug/L, average 1.3X10+4 ug/L(1). 2-Chloroaniline was detected in groundwater samples collected at depths of 5.7, 7, 8.5, and 10 meters below the Grindsted Landfill in Denmark at concentrations of <10, 110, 30, and 15 ug/L, respectively(2).|DRINKING WATER: 2-Chloroaniline has been qualitatively identified in drinking water samples obtained from Cincinnati, OH in 1980 and Seattle, WA in 1976(1). Unspecified drinking water in Germany has been reported to contain 2-chloroaniline(2). Tap water from the Netherlands, using bank-filtered Rhine River water as the source, contained 3 ppb 2-chloroaniline in 1977 monitoring(3).|SURFACE WATER: In 1992/1993, 2-chloroaniline was detected in surface water samples from the River Elbe in Germany collected from Zollenspieker (upstream of Hamburg Harbor) with minimum, maximum, and median (20 samples) concentrations of 4.6, 136, and 19 ng/L, respectively, and from Seemannshoft (downstream of Hamburg Harbor) with minimum, maximum, and median (20 samples) concentrations of 2.9, 86, and 13 ng/L, respectively(1). In 1989, levels of 2-chloroaniline at 3 stations (5 samples) of the main stream Rhine delta ranged from 0.011 to 0.045 ug/L; no 2-chloroaniline was detected at 2 stations on branches of the Rhine(2). 2-Chloroaniline was detected in 83% of all samples collected at a single site on the Rhine River in 1979 at mean, median, and maximum concentrations of 0.54, 0.20, and 3.9 ppb, respectively(3). Mean, median, and maximum concentrations of 0.45, 0.21-0.42, and 1.3-1.7 ppb, respectively, were found in two tributaries of the Rhine River in 1979(3). Mean, median, and maximum concentrations of 0.06-0.15, 0.02, and 0.23-0.86 ppb, respectively, were found at two locations on the Meuse River in 1979(3). Concentrations of 2-chloroaniline in the Rhine River in 1977, 1978, and 1982 have been reported to be 0.27, 0.20, and 0.1 ppb, respectively(4). Qualitative detection was made from water taken from the Waal River in the Netherlands in October, 1974(5).

2-Chloroaniline has been qualitatively identified as a volatile flavor component of Idaho Russet baked potatoes(1).

NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1974) has statistically estimated that 18,138 workers were potentially exposed to 2-chloroaniline in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-chloroaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloroaniline is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-chloroaniline via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water containing 2-chloroaniline(SRC).

The compound is absorbed through the intact skin. o-Chloroaniline is absorbed by oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure.|... Male Fischer 344 rats (4/group) were administered [14C]-2-chloroaniline or [14C]-4-chloroaniline (0.5 or 1.0 mmol/kg; approximately 50 uCi/rat) ip. Urine, feces, blood and tissues were collected at 3 and 24 hr. Both 2- and 4-chloroaniline-derived radioactivity were primarily renally excreted with <1% excretion in the feces by 24 hr post-treatment. Both chloroanilines accumulated mainly in liver (percentage of administered dose/total tissue), but kidney generally had similar or higher equivalent concentrations (umol/g tissue) compared to liver. Subcellular distribution revealed that for both chloroanilines, the cytosolic fraction generally had the highest level of radioactivity independent of time or dose. Covalent binding was detected in both liver and kidney, with the highest concentration (pmol/mg protein) of binding observed in the hepatic microsomal fraction regardless of compound, dose or time studied. In general, 2-chloroaniline derived radioactivity was excreted faster, reached peak tissue concentrations earlier, disappeared from tissues faster and had less covalent binding in target tissue at 24 hr than 4-chloroaniline-derived radioactivity.

o-Chloroaniline in rabbits is metabolized to 2-amino-3-chlorophenol and 4-amino-3-chlorophenol. In soya beans it yields o-chloroaniline-n-glucoside. /from table/|Bacillus firmus was isolated and transformed 2-chloroaniline almost quantitatively into 4-chloroacetanilide with smaller amount of 4-chloropropionanilide according to co-metabolic reaction.|The primary metabolite of either 2-chloroaniline or 4-chloroaniline by a faecalis in a liquid culture was 4-chloropyrocatechin, further metabolized to 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic acid semialdehyde, which was in turn metabolized with the NAD+ cosubstrate to 2-chloro-4-oxalocrotonic acid.|Studies in rats and rabbits have shown that like other aromatic amines, the compound is oxidized in microsomes of liver, kidney, and lung by cytochrome P450 oxidases to its hydroxylated derivatives, which undergo N-acetylation and/or conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acids, with subsequent excretion in the urine and/or dissociation into reactive metabolites in the bladder of some species such as the dog and the human.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROANILINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.25 Days

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include headache, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, convulsions, severe kidney damage, liver damage, methemoglobin formation and in sufficient concentrations, cyanosis; skin and eye irritation; and dermatitis. Onset may be delayed 2-4 hours or longer. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is toxic by ingestion, inhalation and contact with the skin. It may cause irritation of the skin. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Methylene blue, alone or in combination with oxygen, is indicated as treatment in nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In the United Kingdom between 1961 and 1980, chloroaniline, p-toluidine, nitrobenzene, and nitrochlorobenzene were the most common industrial causes of methemoglobinemia. Dermal exposure was a more frequent route of toxicity than inhalation with these compounds. /Chloroaniline/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: Lips, tongue and mucous membranes navy blue to black; skin slate gray, all without signs of cardiac or pulmonary insufficiency. Severe headache, nausea, sometimes vomiting, dryness of throat. Central nervous symptoms: confusion, ataxia, vertigo, tinnitus, weakness, disorientation, lethargy, drowsiness, and finally coma. Convulsions may occur but appear to be uncommon. Cardiac effects: heart blocks, arrhythmias, and shock. Death, although uncommon, is usually due to cardiovascular collapse and not resp paralysis. Urinary signs and symptoms may incl painful micturition, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and renal insufficiency (usually mild). A late acute hemolytic episode should be anticipated at 6 to 8 days after ingestion. /Aniline/

2-chloroaniline

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Shortness of breath. Nausea. Vomiting. Convulsions. Weakness. Confusion. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

GRADES:Technical|Liquid, technical grades

Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing|Benzenamine, 2-chloro-: ACTIVE

CHLOROANILINE DETERMINED IN AIR BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTOR.|AN ANALYTICAL METHOD WAS PRESENTED FOR THE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF MONOCHLOROANILINES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES IN SURFACE WATER.|HPLC METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR THE DETECTON OF SUB-NG QUANTITIES OF HALOGENATED ANILINE DERIVATIVES /BY ELECTROCHEMICAL/UV DETECTION/.|Method: 8131; Procedure: gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector; Analyte: 2-chloroaniline; Matrix: aqueous matrices; Detection Limit: 1.4 ug/L.

HALOGENATED ANILINES IN URINE DETERMINED BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY /WITH ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTOR/.