Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Cefaclor, is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract.Target: AntibacterialCefaclor belongs to the family of antibiotics known as the cephalosporins (cefalosporins). The cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are used for the treatment of septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, biliary tract infections, peritonitis, and urinary tract infectionMore

ChEBI: A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.More

Felodipine is a long-acting 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.Target: Calcium ChannelFelodipine is a long-acting 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB)b. It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. Felodipine significantly relaxes KCl-contracted porcine coronary segments by blocking the Ca2+ channels, displaying ~50 times more potent than nifedipine (IC50 of ~8 nM) and ~430 timMore

Thiabendazole, as a member of the benzimidazole class of compounds, is unique in that it carries a 1,3-thiazole-4-yl substituent at position 2. This compound has demonstrated significant fungicidal effects in the agricultural field, particularly in the post-harvest stage, with excellent control over a range of pathogens such as Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium, and Phytophthora. Thiabendazole typically appears as a white or cream-colored odorless powder that sublimes at temperatures above 590°F and emits a bright light in acidic solutions. Its applications are widespread, and it can be applied in the form of dust, flowing powder, or water-dispersible powder to ensure systemic control of fungi and parasites. The background of the drug's development is also noteworthy. As a 2-substituted benzimidazole drug, it was first introduced in 1962 and quickly became the preferred treatment for a range of nematode infections, particularly in the treatment of strongyluria. However, Thiabendazole is not without side effects, and it may have adverse effects on the central nervous system and potentially exhibit liver toxicity, as detailed in Smith and Leonard's "Pharmacology" (1992 edition, page 919). Despite Thiabendazole's former prominence in the treatment of intestinal threadworms and strong linear worm infections, its status has been challenged in recent years with the emergence of more tolerant drugs. In particular, the potential for liver damage, while rare but potentially serious, has accelerated the development and application of alternative drugs. As for the mechanism of action of Thiabendazole, while it is not yet fully understood, studies have shown that it can inhibit the parasite-specific mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, thereby disrupting the citric acid cycle, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP production, ultimately leading to the death of the parasite. Additionally, Thiabendazole is thought to inhibit microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin, thereby exerting ovicidal effects on certain nematodes. These findings provide valuable insights into the pharmacological action of Thiabendazole.More

Off-White SolidBiapenem was introduced in Japan as a parenteral treatment for bacterial infections. This new 1-β-methylcarbapenem can be prepared by reaction of commercially available 4-nitrobenzyl protected β-methylcarbapenem enolphosphate with mercapto bicyclotriazolium chloride, obtained in 11 steps starting from hydrazine, followed by deprotection of the carboxylic acid function.More

Vincristine sulfate is an antitumor vinca alkaloid which inhibits microtubule formation in mitotic spindle, resulting in an arrest of dividing cells at the metaphase stage. It binds to microtubule with a Ki of 85 nM. More

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Trimebutine is a drug with antimuscarinic and weak mu opioid agonist effects.Target: Opioid ReceptorTrimebutine is an agonist of peripheral mu, kappa and delta opiate receptors, used as spasmolytic agent for treatment of both acute and chronic abdominal pain [1]. The major product from drug metabolism of trimebutine in human beings is nor-trimebutine, which comes from removal of one of the methyl groups attached to nitrogen. Trimebutine exerts its effects in part due to causing a prematuMore

AMMONIUM IODIDE is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)More

Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor. More