China's annual grain output has increased by more than 100 million jin

Sci-tech Daily reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas on the 22nd that autumn grain has been harvested in succession throughout the country. This year's autumn grain production situation is generally better. Except for local drought and flood disasters, crops in most areas are growing well and showing a trend of increasing production. In addition, summer grain and early rice have been abundantly received. If there is no cold, dew, typhoon and so on in the later period. Big natural disasters will be another harvest year. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago, China's grain production has stepped up to a new level, from overall shortage of supply to basic balance of total supply and demand.

In 1949, China's grain output was only 226.36 billion jin, stabilized at over 300 billion kg in 1962 and exceeded 600 billion kg at the beginning of reform and opening up in 1978. Since then, it has climbed all the way up, breaking through the 100 billion jin barrier for the first time in 1996, stepping up to 12 billion jin in 2012 and reaching 1315.78 billion jin in total grain output in 2018, an increase of more than 10 million jin compared with the beginning of the founding of New China.

In 1949, the average grain yield per mu in China was only 68.6 kg, which stabilized at over 100 kg in 1965, exceeded 200 kg in 1982, 300 kg in 1998 and reached 374.7 kg in 2018, more than four times higher than that at the beginning of the founding of New China. In 1949, China's per capita food share was only 209 kg, and in 2018 it increased to more than 470 kg, which is higher than the world average.

The head of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas said that, with the population doubling in the same period, the per capita grain possession has more than doubled since the founding of New China, which is very difficult. Over the past 70 years since the founding of New China, China's agricultural science and technology original innovation ability, achievement transformation ability and technology extension ability have been continuously enhanced, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has increased to 58.3% in 2018.

"Breakthrough progress has been made in agricultural breeding innovation. High-efficient breeding technology systems such as super rice, dwarf abortive wheat and hybrid maize have been established. Thousands of new varieties and combinations of high-yield and high-quality crops have been successfully bred, and large-scale renewal and replacement have been achieved for many times. The main crop varieties have basically achieved full coverage. Our country organizes and develops great cooperation and tackling key problems in agricultural science and education, and speeds up the transformation and application of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. The head of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas said that the technology of scientific fertilization, water-saving irrigation, plastic film mulching, green prevention and control had been widely popularized, the utilization rate of water, fertilizer and medicine had been significantly improved, and the loss rate of diseases, insects and weeds had been greatly reduced, which had greatly promoted the increase of production and efficiency. At present, the utilization rates of pesticides and fertilizers in rice, wheat and maize are 38.8% and 37.8% respectively. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China adopted comprehensive measures such as water conservancy, agriculture, forestry and science and technology. Organized farmland construction and other related activities mainly focused on the transformation of middle and low yield fields, improving the basic conditions of agricultural production and enhancing the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters.

In 1988, the State Council established the National Land Development and Construction Fund to coordinate the implementation of comprehensive development of large-scale, cross-regional and restructured agriculture, with a cumulative investment of 963.95 billion yuan. Nowadays, 640 million mu of high-standard farmland with drought and flood, high and stable yield has been built throughout the country; the effective irrigation area of farmland exceeds 1 billion mu; the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water reaches 0.53, and half of the farmland has realized "dry irrigation and waterlogging energy drainage". Since the founding of New China, China's agricultural mechanization has started from scratch. In 1949, the total power of agricultural tractors was 73.5 million kilowatts, and only 13 combine harvesters. By 2018, the total power of agricultural machinery in China will reach about 1 billion kilowatts, and the total number of tractors will reach 22.386 million, including 6.7 million large and medium-sized tractors and 2.0592 million combine harvesters.

"At present, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in China exceeds 68%, wheat production basically realizes the whole process mechanization, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of corn and rice cultivation and harvest exceeds 80%. The head of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas said.