Chloroprene

88.54

88.54

204-818-0

42L93DWV3A

0133

18589

1991

DTXSID5020316

C44356

Colorless liquid

0

2.2 (calculated)

Chloroprene, stabilized appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point -4°F. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make neoprene rubber.

0.956 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-130 °C

59.4 °C

11 °C

1.445

Slight

2-8°C

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 23.2

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.1

Oral-Rat LD50: 450 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 146 mg/kg

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature and oxidant; decomposes toxic hydrogen chloride gas in case of heat

vol% in air: 1.90

Pungent, ether-like odor

Vulcanized with metallic oxides rather than sulfur; resistant to oils, oxygen, ozone, corona discharge, and electric current; isocyanate-modified form has high flame resistance.|Brittle point: -35 °C; softens @ approximately 80 °C|Polymerizes at room temperature unless inhibited with antioxidants.|Per cent in saturated air: 28 @ 25 °C; conversion factors: 1 mg/l approximates 276.5 ppm and 1 ppm approximates 3.62 mg/cu m @ 25 °C, 760 torr.|RAPIDLY OXIDIZES TO FORM PEROXIDES AND ACIDIC MATERIALS.|VAPOR PRESSURE: 300 MM HG @ 32.8 °C|Brittle point: -35 °F; softens: @ approx 80 °F

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Highly Flammable

CHLOROPRENE emits highly toxic fumes of chlorine gas when heated to decomposition. Autooxidizes very rapidly with air and, even at 0° C, produces unstable peroxides that catalyze exothermic polymerization [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 507]. This reactivity is greatly slowed by presence of an inhibitor.

Chloroprene|A: Compounds that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration|Clark, Kelly|Autoxidizes rapidly with air, even at low temperatures. See Bretherick's and references within.|Bailey, H. C., in Oxidation of Organic Compounds-I, ACS No.75(Gould,R.F.,Ed.),138–149,Washington, ACS, 1968

440 °C

8.79 eV

LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT 4.0%; UPPER FLAMMABLE LIMIT 20.0%.|Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

I

3.1

1993

10-20/22-36-48/20-36/37/38-11-45-39/23/24/25-23/24/25

16-45-53-36/37-7

EI9625000

F,T

Storehouse ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids; should not be stored for a long time to prevent polymerization

Explosive when mixed with air

POLYMERIZES ON STANDING

P201-P210-P260-P280-P301 + P310-P311

H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H350-H370

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Due to their high reactivity and volatility chloroprene and chloroprene containing wastes cannot be dumped. Therefore, if the chloroprene cannot be distilled, the wastes have to be destroyed in special waste incinerators. Because of the large quantities of chlorine present in exhaust gases during incineration, the flue gases have to be scrubbed. Recommendable method: Incineration. Non recommendable method: Landfill. Peer-review: Potentially polymerized and then landfilled. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))|Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.|LARGE QUANTITIES CAN BE COLLECTED AND ATOMIZED IN A SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH AN APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE. CHLOROPRENE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS A SEWER, BECAUSE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION. SEWERS DESIGNED TO PRECLUDE THE FORMATION OF EXPLOSIVE CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROPRENE VAPORS ARE PERMITTED.|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Peroxides & other oxidizers [Note: Polymerizes at room temperature unless inhibited with antioxidants].|Incompatible with liquid or gaseous fluorine.|Autooxidizes in air to form an unstable peroxide that catalyzes exothermic polymerization of the monomer.

Chloroprene is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Chloroprene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) Technical Report Series No. 467 (1998) NIH Publication No. 98-3957 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709|National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Chloroprene (126-99-8) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s042chlo.pdf]

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes yielding toxic fumes Behavior in Fire: Dangerous when exposed to heat or flame (USCG, 1999)|Highly flammable. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.|Carcinogens, Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 144 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P310, P311, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P311, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|IN THE EVENT OF POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO LIQUID OR HIGH VAPOR LEVELS, THE EMPLOYEE SHOULD WEAR PROTECTIVE GARMENTS, CHEMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES, AN AIR SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR OR SELF CONTAINED OXYGEN MASK.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

COMBUSTIBLE, BUT LESS SO THAN NATURAL RUBBER.|A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.9-20

DANGEROUS CHLOROPRENE FIRES ARE BEST EXTINGUISHED BY SHUTTING OFF THE SOURCE OF FUEL. CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICALS, AND WATER SPRAY (FOG NOZZLE) MAY BE USED AS CONTROL MEASURES.|To fight fire use alcohol foam.

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN A SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS A FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR THE HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN THE PAPER IN A SUITABLE LOCATION AWAY FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Skin contact should be prevented.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/|/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/|/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/|/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chloroprene, inhibited; Chloroprene, stabilized/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Beta-chloroprene ... is a lacrimator.|Exposure to the vapor can cause respiratory tract irritation leading to asphyxia.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 25 ppm (90 mg/cu m). Skin Designation.|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 ppm (35 mg/cu m), skin designation, is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Ceiling Value: 1 ppm (3.6 mg/cu m).|NIOSH considers beta-chloroprene to be a potential occupational carcinogen.|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Fireproof. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store only if stabilized. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on several organs. This may result in impaired functions. Exposure above the OEL could cause death.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis and hair loss. The substance may have effects on multiple organs. This may result in impaired functions. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Use non-sparking handtools.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Chloroprene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene is included on this list.|... Substances for which a Federal Register notice has been published that included consideration of the serious health effects, including cancer, from ambient air exposure to the substance. Chloroprene is included on this list.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Symptoms reported from acute (short-term) human exposure to high concentrations of chloroprene include giddiness, headache, irritability, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, respiratory irritation, cardiac palpitations, chest pains, nausea, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatitis, temporary hair loss, conjunctivitis, and corneal necrosis. Symptoms of chronic (long-term) exposure in workers were fatigue, chest pains, giddiness, irritability, dermatitis, and hair loss. Chronic occupational exposure to chloroprene vapor may contribute to liver function abnormalities, disorders of the cardiovascular system, and depression of the immune system. Occupational studies have found that exposure to chloroprene increases the risk of liver cancer. Studies in animals have found an increased risk of tumors in multiple organs. The EPA has classified chloroprene as likely to be carcinogenic to humans.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was identified in 1 out of 33 industrial effluents at a concentration greater than 100 ug/l, detection limit of 10 ug/l(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was detected in the ambient air in 6 of 6 NJ cities at an avg concn of 0.097 ppb and a max concn of 4.0 ppb(1). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was detected in 2 of 2 samples of ambient air in Houston, TX during July 1976, at an average concentration of 0.59 ppb(2). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was not detected in 17 samples of ambient air in Baton Rouge, LA during March 1977 at an unreported detection limit(2).|SOURCE DOMINATED: The compound was not detected in air above 6 abandoned hazardous wastes sites and one active sanitary landfill in NJ during 1983/84, at a detection limit of 0.01 ppb(1).

highly toxic

PRETREATMENT WITH AROCLOR PREVENTED LIVER INJURY FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO 100 & 300 PPM OF CHLOROPRENE. LUNG NONPROTEIN SULFHYDRYL CONCN WAS NOT DECR BY CHLOROPRENE EXPOSURE OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL PRETREATED RATS.|The brain ATP levels in rats were decreased at 7-30 days after the ip injection of chloroprene (600 umol/100 g body weight). However, the simultaneous administration of alpha-tocopherol acetate (0.1 mg/100 g body weight) counteracted this effect of chloroprene. The toxicity of chloroprene depletes the endogenous alpha-tocopherol supply. Administration of exogenous alpha-tocopherol can then counteract this toxic effect of chloroprene.

LD50 Rat oral 450 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 11,800 mg/cu m/4 hr|LD50 Mouse oral 146 mg/kg|LC50 Mouse inhalation 2300 mg/cu m

... Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats were exposed to chloroprene at concn of 0, 12.8, 32 or 80 ppm by inhalation 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 2 yr. Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to chloroprene at concn of 0, 12.8, 32 or 80 ppm by inhalation 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 2 yr. ... CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2 yr inhalation studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in male F344/N rats based on incr incidences of neoplasms in the oral cavity; incr incidences of neoplasms of the thyroid gland, lung and kidney were also attributed to chloroprene exposure. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in female F344/N rats based on incr incidences of neoplasms of the thyroid gland, mammary gland and kidney were also attributed to exposure to chloroprene. ... There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in male B6C3F1 mice based on incr incidences of neoplasms of the lung, circulatory system (hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas) and harderian gland; incr incidences of neoplasms of the forestomach and kidney were also attributed to exposure to chloroprene. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloroprene in female B6C3F1 mice based on incr incidences of neoplasms of the lung, circulatory system (hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas), harderian gland, mammary land, liver, skin and mesentery; incr incidences of neoplasms of the forestomach and Zymbal's gland were also attributed exposure to chloroprene.

Polychloroprene is not known to occur naturally|2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene's manufacture and use in the production of polychloroprene elastomers, such as neoprene(1), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.056 atm-cu m/mole (SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 215 mm Hg(4). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene will not be susceptible to chemical hydrolysis(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 68(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.056 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 18(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.53(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to undergo chemical hydrolysis(SRC) because of the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 2.15X10+2 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone molecules and nitrate radicals(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 22X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with ozone has been estimated as 0.12X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). The gas phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with nitrate radicals may be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night(4), but the rate of this reaction is not known.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 22X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene with ozone has been estimated as 0.12X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 10 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). In general, the night time degradation of conjugated diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(3); this may be an important removal process for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, but the rate of this reaction is not known(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4).

An estimated BCF of 18 was calculated for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.53(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene can be estimated to be 68(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is estimated as 0.056 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 215 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

SURFACE WATER: 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene was detected in 1 out of 204 samples of surface water collected from sites near heavily industrialized areas across the US during 1975/76(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 17,750 workers (654 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene in the US(1). During 1977, airborne concentrations of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene of up to 0.2 ppm were reported in a roll building area in a metal fabricating plant where polychloroprene was applied extensively to metal cylinders prior to vulcanization(2). During 1973, at a US 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene polymerization plant, airborne concentrations of 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene were found to range from 14-1,420 ppm in the make-up area, from 130-6,760 ppm in the reactor area, from 6-440 in the monomer recovery area and from 113-252 ppm in the latex area(2). Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene may occur through inhalation of this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene is produced or used(SRC).

... RAPIDLY ABSORBED BY SKIN ... .

WHEN MIXT OF CHLOROPRENE IN AIR WAS PASSED THROUGH A MOUSE LIVER MICROSOMAL PREPN, A VOLATILE ALKYLATING METABOLITE WAS FORMED, AS DEMONSTRATED BY TRAPPING WITH 4-(4-NITROBENZYL)PYRIDINE.

Curing systems: metallic oxides (eg, magnesium oxide), organic accelerators (eg, ethylene thiourea), and retarders.|Antidegradants: octylated diphenylamine, organic monosulfide or phosphite, unsaturated oil, disubstituted para-phenylenediamines|Reinforcing fillers: carbon black, hard clay, silica, calcium silicate, hydrated alumina.|Plasticizers: naphthenic and aromatic oils, liquid chloroprene polymers, methacrylate esters, polyesters|INHIBITORS SUCH AS HYDROQUINONE OR PHENOTHIAZINE ARE GENERALLY ADDED WHEN IT IS TO BE STORED.

INHALATION: Fatigue, psychic changes, irritability, oppression in chest, occasionally substernal pain, tachycardia upon exertion. EYES: Can cause conjunctivitis, corneal necrosis and edema of eyelids. SKIN: May cause dermatitis and temporary loss of hair. Rapidly absorbed by skin. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory rest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

MOST UNUSUAL EFFECT OF CHLOROPRENE OR PERHAPS OF SMALL POLYMERIC INTERMEDIATES IS TEMPORARY LOSS OF HAIR WHICH HAS BEEN OBSERVED IN NEOPRENE PRODUCERS. TERMINATION OF EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RETURN OF NORMAL HAIR GROWTH.|WORKERS PROFESSIONALLY EXPOSED TO POLYCHLOROPRENE LATEXES SHOWED INCR IN FREQUENCY OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES.|SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC ... EXPOSURE ... HEPATOMEGALY, WITH DECR IN LIVER FUNCTION TESTS, TOXIC HEPATITIS, DYSTROPHY OF MYOCARDIUM & CHANGES IN NERVOUS SYSTEM, CIRCULATORY CHANGES, ... ALTERED ENZYME ACTIVITIES & DYSFUNCTION OF BOTH CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS, PARTICULARLY CHOLINERGIC BRANCH HAVE ... BEEN REPORTED.|PRIMARY EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO HIGH CONCN OF CHLOROPRENE IN AIR ARE CNS DEPRESSION, INJURY TO LUNGS, LIVER & KIDNEYS, IRRITATION OF SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES & RESP DIFFICULTIES.|INHALATION ... CAUSES PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PERIODONTIUM: PERIODONTITIS (49%), GINGIVITIS (22%), EROSION OF TEETH (17%) & CARIES (5%).|FUNCTIONAL DISTURBANCES IN SPERMATOGENESIS & MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES OF SPERM WERE OBSERVED AMONG WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO CHLOROPRENE. 3 FOLD EXCESS OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS HAS BEEN REPORTED IN WIVES OF CHLOROPRENE WORKERS.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chloroprene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; anxiety, irritability; dermatitis; alopecia; reproductive effects; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Laboured breathing. Heart palpitations. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Burning sensation. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Corneal damage.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, reproductive system

17% FOR MOLDED PRODUCTS; 15% FOR HOSE & TUBING; 10% FOR WIRE & CABLE; 10% FOR BELTING & SHEETING; 10% IN GASKETS & PACKING; 9% IN ADHESIVES; 29% IN OTHER APPLICATIONS (1973)|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Neoprene. Industrial (belts, hoses, flooring), 30%; mechanical, 30%; adhesive, 12%; latexes, 10%; wire and cable, 8%; cellular rubber, 4%; miscellaneous (consumer products), 6%.|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Neoprene. Demand: 1987: 77,111 metric tons; 1998: 77,300 tons; 1992 /projected/: 78,100 metric tons. Totals include domestic sales and imports, but not exports.|(1988) (for Japan): automotive (20,300 tons); general industrial (14,600 tons); adhesives (5,200 tons); wire and cable (1,900 tons); latex (700 tons)|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for POLYCHLOROPRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|ESSENTIALLY 100% AS A MONOMER FOR NEOPRENE ELASTOMERS.

Solid (white to amber color), latex (milky-white liquid containing 41-60% solids), or flexible foam.|Solid: mercaptan modified W types; xanthate modified types; sulfur copolymers G types; precross-linked grades T types; freeze-resistant copolymers (2,3-dichlorobutadiene-styrene); polymers made at higher temperatures.|Latex: anionic and nonionic-carboxylated types|Grade: Pure, 95% min.

Synthetic rubber manufacturing|1,3-Butadiene, 2-chloro-: ACTIVE|... ISOLATION OF 3,4-DICHLORO-1-BUTENE ISOMER (INCL SOME FROM ISOMERIZATION OF 1,4-1SOMER) & REACTION WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE; DIMERIZATION OF ACETYLENE & ADDITION OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (FORMER METHOD; NON USA METHOD).

OSW Method 0031. Sampling Method for Volatile Organic Compounds. Target detection limit= 0.100 ug/cu m|OSW Method 8240B. Determination of Volatile Organics Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Estimated qunatitation limit= 5.0 ug/l.|OSW Method 8260B. Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS): Capillary Column Technique.|EAD Method 1624. Volatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GCMS.|NIOSH Method 1002. Analyte: Chloroprene. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Gas chromatography flame ionization detector. For chloroprene this method has an estimated detection limit of 0.03 mg/sample. The overall precision/RSD is 0.021. Applicability: The working range is 10 to 60 ppm (40 to 200 mg/cu m) for a 3-liter air sample. Interferences: None known.

SFSAS Method SFSAS_29. Extraction and Analysis of Organics in Biological Tissue.

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)|Fire Hazards -> Carcinogens, Flammable - 3rd degree